Friday, 6 November 2015

Nigerian School Children and Mathematics Phobia: How the Mathematics Teacher Can Help

  • Okafor, Chinyere F., and Uche S. Anaduaka. "Nigerian School Children and Mathematics Phobia: How the Mathematics Teacher Can Help." American Journal of Educational Research 1.7 (2013): 247-251.

Abstract

This paper considered the importance of mathematics and why it is of utmost necessity that all Nigerian children acquire mathematical knowledge. It noted with dismay the general negative students’ attitude towards the subject and their consequent poor performance in it especially in the West African Senior School Certificate Examination (WASSCE). It then looked at the attributes of a mathematics teacher that can bring about a change in the teaching and learning of mathematics and in the attitude of students towards the subject. It finally considered best practices for mathematics instruction, such practices that can stimulate and sustain students’ interest in mathematics learning.






1. Introduction

Mathematics is a compulsory subject offered in Nigerian primary and secondary schools and is taught daily in all the schools or at least four times in a week. The first national mathematics curricula for primary and secondary schools used in the country were developed in1979. There was, however, a revision of the secondary curriculum in 1986 to make provision for the 6-3-3-4 (6 years of primary, 3 years of junior secondary, 3 years of senior secondary, 4 years of tertiary) system of education introduced in the country at that time as against the 6-5-4(6 years of primary, 5 years of secondary and 4 years of tertiary) system that was in existence before then. However, the Universal Basic Education (UBE) programme has been launched as a replacement of the 6-3-3-4 system in the country. The programme consists of a 9-3-4 system and involves 6 years of primary school and 3 years of junior secondary school culminating in 9 years of uninterrupted schooling. The introduction of the Universal Basic Education (UBE) was a move by the Nigerian Government to strive to attain the Millennium Development Goals and achieve the critical targets of the National Economic Empowerment and Development Strategies (NEEDS) which include value orientation, poverty eradication, job creation, wealth generation and empowering the citizens through education. UBE was launched in the country in 1999.
It therefore became necessary that the existing curricula for primary and junior secondary school be reviewed and updated to fit into the 9-year Basic Education Programme. Hence a New National Mathematics Curriculum for Basic Education in Nigeria emerged in 2007. Issues that relate to value orientation, peace and dialogue, human rights education, population and family life education, drug abuse, environmental degradation, entrepreneurial and ICT skills as well as HIV/AIDS education were then infused into the relevant contents of the curriculum to make it responsive to the needs of the Nigerian Child and the developmental needs of the country. Also included were quantitative reasoning problems as well as topics like transactions in the home and offices, computer applications, use of measures of central tendency to analyze information on drug abuse, HIV/AIDS and to show the importance of voting.
The Tables below present the common core of the curricula and the associated grade placements.

BASIC EDUCATION MATHEMATICS CURRICULUM. Main Concepts and their Placements

 
THE SENIOR SECONDARY MATHEMATICS CURRICULUM. Main Concepts and their placements

Each year presents each concept at a different level.
However, majority of Nigerian school children generally dread mathematics. Most of them consider it difficult, complex and abstract . Worse still, many students do not immediately see the use or applicability of the subject to their lives and to the world of work and so wonder why they should be troubled with the study of the subject. Except as a requirement for admission into institutions of higher learning, most students do not see any other need for mathematics learning.
Unfortunately too, some teachers of mathematics are either not convinced themselves, or do not consider it needful to let students know the benefits that could be derived from the study of mathematics beyond being a necessity for entry into colleges, polytechnics and universities. Unless students are exposed to the many uses of mathematics and of mathematical knowledge, they may never come close to realizing it. Considering that most people (students inclusive) find it difficult to give time and attention to anything they have not seen the value that would be derived from it, some students may only be paying lip service to the study of mathematics if teachers do not make known to them the importance of mathematical knowledge. Their focus would then be on acquiring a good grade in the subject at the end of their secondary school career whether by fair or foul means. The implication of this is that examination malpractice would be on the increase and a greater majority of the students would always fail the subject each year and so end up forfeiting the pursuit of many careers that would have benefitted them and the country better. More importantly, they would also be losing out in acquiring the basic knowledge, skills and habits that effective mathematics learning is expected to equip students with so that they can live a more meaningful and productive life in the society.

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